vagrant 配置windows虚拟机

相比较在vagrant中配置centos来讲，配置windows会比较麻烦而且特殊一些，下面记录一些自己的经历。

第一步：创建虚拟机

由于windows的vbox不多，能找到一个适合自己的也不太容易，倒不如自己在virtualbox中直接用iso文件安装一个，安装完成后直接： vagrant package –base the_virtualbox_vm_name –output my_windows.box

由于windows不比centos可以使用ssh登录，而是有自己的管理方式，叫做wrm，这个必须在安装windows的时候都设置好，参考资料：

win10 vagrant box: http://huestones.co.uk/node/305
安装和配置windows远程管理： https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384372(v=vs.85).aspx
https://github.com/WinRb/vagrant-windows
PowerShell启用winrm失败： http://www.jb51.net/article/68187.htm

下面是我遇到过的一些问题：

为了避免忘记密码，干脆没给用户设置密码；然而，wrm要求管理员用户必须设置密码，否则，无法配置wrm；就因为这个浪费了不少时间
网络连接类型不能是公共网络，否则wrm不允许使用
为了不必要的麻烦，干脆把防火墙给关掉了

重要配置：

   winrm quickconfig -q
   winrm set winrm/config/winrs @{MaxMemoryPerShellMB="512"}
   winrm set winrm/config @{MaxTimeoutms="1800000"}
   winrm set winrm/config/service @{AllowUnencrypted="true"}
   winrm set winrm/config/service/auth @{Basic="true"}
   sc config WinRM start= auto

winrm quickconfig -q

winrm set winrm/config/winrs @{MaxMemoryPerShellMB="512"}

winrm set winrm/config @{MaxTimeoutms="1800000"}

winrm set winrm/config/service @{AllowUnencrypted="true"}

winrm set winrm/config/service/auth @{Basic="true"}

sc config WinRM start= auto

曾经因为没有设置@{AllowUnencrypted=”true” } 和 @{Basic=”true”} 浪费了很多时间

关闭UAC： http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/09ea3ede241689c0afde3972.html

第二步：配置vagrantfile

vagrant默认使用ssh，而windows要使用wrm，那么，总得有个方式说明一下吧？vagrant官网文档查看了一大片，没找到，最后还是在 http://huestones.co.uk/node/305 找到的，如下：

config.vm.communicator = "winrm"

1	config.vm.communicator = "winrm"

windows中很可能会出现未识别的网络或者是“公用网络”，在这种情况下，winrm是不能正常使用的，所以，保险起见，vagrantfile中添加如下设置：

# Ensure that all networks are set to private
config.windows.set_work_network = true

1 2	# Ensure that all networks are set to private config.windows.set_work_network = true

确保不会出现公用网络，曾经因为这个浪费了不少时间

附：一个windows的vagrantfile

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://atlas.hashicorp.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "win7"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"
  config.vm.network "public_network", ip:"172.16.161.230", :bridge => "em2"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  config.vm.guest = :windows
  config.vm.communicator = "winrm"

  config.windows.set_work_network = true
  config.winrm.username = "vagrant"
  config.winrm.password = "vagrant"


  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
   #config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
   #  vb.memory = "4096"
   #end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Define a Vagrant Push strategy for pushing to Atlas. Other push strategies
  # such as FTP and Heroku are also available. See the documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/push/atlas.html for more information.
  # config.push.define "atlas" do |push|
  #   push.app = "YOUR_ATLAS_USERNAME/YOUR_APPLICATION_NAME"
  # end

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
   config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
     route delete 0.0.0.0
     route add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 172.16.161.1
   SHELL
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
	  v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--vrde", "on"]
          v.name = "phpor_win7"
  end

end

# -*- mode: ruby -*-

# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure

# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for

# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what

# you're doing.

Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|

# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.

# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at

# https://docs.vagrantup.com.

# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for

# boxes at https://atlas.hashicorp.com/search.

config.vm.box = "win7"

# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then

# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs

# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.

# config.vm.box_check_update = false

# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port

# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,

# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.

# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine

# using a specific IP.

# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.

# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on

# your network.

# config.vm.network "public_network"

config.vm.network "public_network", ip:"172.16.161.230", :bridge => "em2"

# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is

# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is

# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third

# argument is a set of non-required options.

# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

config.vm.guest = :windows

config.vm.communicator = "winrm"

config.windows.set_work_network = true

config.winrm.username = "vagrant"

config.winrm.password = "vagrant"

# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various

# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.

# Example for VirtualBox:

#config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|

# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine

# vb.gui = true

# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:

# vb.memory = "4096"

#end

# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more

# information on available options.

# Define a Vagrant Push strategy for pushing to Atlas. Other push strategies

# such as FTP and Heroku are also available. See the documentation at

# https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/push/atlas.html for more information.

# config.push.define "atlas" do |push|

# push.app = "YOUR_ATLAS_USERNAME/YOUR_APPLICATION_NAME"

# end

# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as

# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the

# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.

config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL

route delete 0.0.0.0

route add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 172.16.161.1

SHELL

config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|

v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--vrde", "on"]

v.name = "phpor_win7"

end

附：

如何给设置的ip指定掩码（默认24位）? 如下指定22位掩码：

config.vm.network "public_network", ip:"172.16.161.230", :bridge => "em2", :netmask => "255.255.252.0"

1	config.vm.network "public_network", ip:"172.16.161.230", :bridge => "em2", :netmask => "255.255.252.0"

windows的“未识别网络”是什么意思？

当本地连接设置为“自动获取IP地址”，同时网络中又没有dhcp服务器，则该本地连接会被标识为“未识别网络”；如果在所在网络提供一个dhcp服务器，就会避免此种问题的出现

vagrant 配置windows虚拟机

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