关于url编码

对于url编码一般出现在服务器端和客户端两个地方,我们的服务器端使用PHP脚本语言;而客户端一般是浏览器,这里就谈js的url编码;
关于PHP的urlencode与rawurlencode的比较:
<?php
for ($i = 0x20; $i < 0x7f; $i++) {
$str .= dechex($i);
}

$asscii = pack("H*",$str);
echo
"所有的可打印的asscii字符:(从空格到~)n". $asscii."\n";
echo
"urlencode 的结果:\n".urlencode($asscii);
echo
"\n";
echo
"urlencode 不做编码的字符:\n".preg_replace("/%.{2}/","",urlencode($asscii));
echo
"\n";
echo
"rawurlencode 的结果:\n".rawurlencode($asscii);
echo
"\n";
echo
"rawurlencode 不做编码的字符:\n".preg_replace("/%.{2}/","",rawurlencode($asscii));
echo  
"\n";

exit;
?>

输出结果:
———————————————————————————
所有的可打印的asscii字符:(从空格到~)
!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~
urlencode 的结果:
+%21%22%23%24%25%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2C-.%2F0123456789%3A%3B%3C%3D%3E%3F%40ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ%5B%5C%5D%5E_%60abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz%7B%7C%7D%7E
urlencode 不做编码的字符:
+-.0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
rawurlencode 的结果:
%20%21%22%23%24%25%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2C-.%2F0123456789%3A%3B%3C%3D%3E%3F%40ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ%5B%5C%5D%5E_%60abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz%7B%7C%7D%7E
rawurlencode 不做编码的字符:
-.0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
比较二者的结果:
1.  数字、大小写字母都不编码
2.  减号、点号、下划线  三个不编码
3. rawurlencode比urlencode多编码一个”加号“

关于JavaScript中escape与encodeURIComponent的区别:
>>>  console.log(encodeURIComponent("统一注册1"));

%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C1
>>> console.log(escape("统一注册1"));
%u7EDF%u4E00%u6CE8%u518C1

<?php
echo iconv("utf-8","gbk",urldecode("%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C1"));
echo
"\n";
echo
urldecode("%u7EDF%u4E00%u6CE8%u518C1");
// 使用下面的unescape可以
//echo
iconv("utf-8","gbk",unescape("%u7EDF%u4E00%u6CE8%u518C1");
exit;
?>


输出结果:
====================
==================
统一注册1
%u7EDF%u4E00%u6CE8%u518C1
======================================

结果说明:
1. encodeURIComponent 总是把输入转换成utf8编码处理的,按字节编码
2. escape是按照unicode编码处理的,因为它也对url中不安全的字符做了编码,所以也可以在url中做编码使用,但是,服务器端不会自动解码,下面提供一个PHP版的解码函数,是用手册里找的:

<?php
function unescape($str) {
    
$str rawurldecode($str);
    
preg_match_all("/(?:%u.{4})|&#x.{4};|&#d+;|.+/U",$str,$r);
    
$ar $r[0];
    foreach(
$ar as $k=>$v) {
        if(
substr($v,0,2) == "%u")
            
$ar[$k] = iconv("UCS-2","UTF-8",pack("H4",substr($v,-4)));
        elseif(
substr($v,0,3) == "&#x")
            
$ar[$k] = iconv("UCS-2","UTF-8",pack("H4",substr($v,3,-1)));
        elseif(
substr($v,0,2) == "&#") {
            
$ar[$k] = iconv("UCS-2","UTF-8",pack("n",substr($v,2,-1)));
        }
    }
    return 
join("",$ar);
}

?>

>>> console.log(escape(" !\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~"));
%20%21%22%23%24%25%26%27%28%29*+%2C-./0123456789%3A%3B%3C%3D%3E%3F@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ%5B%5D%5E_%60abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz%7B%7C%7D%7E
>>> console.log(encodeURIComponent("!\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~"));
%20!%22%23%24%25%26'()*%2B%2C-.%2F0123456789%3A%3B%3C%3D%3E%3F%40ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ%5B%5D%5E_%60abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz%7B%7C%7D~

>>> console.log(escape("!\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~").replace(/%.{2}/g,""));

*+-./0123456789@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
>>> console.log(encodeURIComponent("!\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~").replace(/%.{2}/g,""));
!'()*-.0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz~

结果比较:
escape未编码的字符: *+-./@_   共7个
encodeURIComponent未编码的字符: !'()*-._~  共9个

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